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Xanthohumol is a well-known compound [40]. It has been studied as an anticancer agent, but poses many other positive properties against pathogenic fungi, malaria, and HIV-1 viruses [43]. It has chemopreventive, sedative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Even though the isomer of xanthohumol—isoxanthohumol is proven to be a bit less potent than xanthohumol, it too has anti-mutagenic and antiangiogenic activity [43,44]. Another chemical compound with anticarcinogenic properties belonging to this group is 8-prenylnaringenin [45].<ref name=habkos/>
Xanthohumol is a well-known compound [40]. It has been studied as an anticancer agent, but poses many other positive properties against pathogenic fungi, malaria, and HIV-1 viruses [43]. It has chemopreventive, sedative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Even though the isomer of xanthohumol—isoxanthohumol is proven to be a bit less potent than xanthohumol, it too has anti-mutagenic and antiangiogenic activity [43,44]. Another chemical compound with anticarcinogenic properties belonging to this group is 8-prenylnaringenin [45].<ref name=habkos/>


Both tyrosol (TYR) supplementation and its biotransformation into hydroxytyrosol (HT) are capable of triggering relevant beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system [30]. HT is considered one of the strongest dietary antioxidants, with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antiplatelet and proapoptotic activities [32]. Therefore, beer would represent an indirect source of HT via TYR hydroxylation. Consequently, beer should also be considered a relevant source of TYR and HT, together with the traditional dietary sources of extra virgin olive oil and wine.<ref name=borsol/> Belgian strong ale, the beer with the highest concentration in TYR and HT, uses a specific and traditional yeast that could produce higher proportions of TYR [43].
Both TYR supplementation and its biotransformation into HT are capable of triggering relevant beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system [30]. HT is considered one of the strongest dietary antioxidants, with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antiplatelet and proapoptotic activities [32]. Therefore, beer
would represent an indirect source of HT via TYR hydroxylation. Consequently, beer should also be considered a relevant source of TYR and HT, together with the traditional dietary sources of extra virgin olive oil and wine.<ref name=borsol/>


despite the interesting beer antioxidant profiles described in the present paper and in the literature, it is important to highlight the importance of a moderate consumption of beer in the context of a healthy dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet [23]. Excessive beer consumption can lead to an excessive body weight, hamper pancreatic function and increase the risk of cancer due to its ethanol content and also due to the low levels of toxic compounds [17].<ref name=borsol/>
despite the interesting beer antioxidant profiles described in the present paper and in the literature, it is important to highlight the importance of a moderate consumption of beer in the context of a healthy dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet [23]. Excessive beer consumption can lead to an excessive body weight, hamper pancreatic function and increase the risk of cancer due to its ethanol content and also due to the low levels of toxic compounds [17].<ref name=borsol/>
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