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The production of beer with a limited alcohol content can be achieved by two approaches: limiting the fermentation process, and hence the alcohol production, or by using physical methods to remove the alcohol at the end of brewing [42].<ref name=borsol>Boronat A, Soldevila-Domenech N, Rodríguez-Morató J, Martínez-Huélamo M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, de la Torre R. [https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/11/2582 Beer phenolic composition of simple phenols, prenylated flavonoids and alkylresorcinols.] ''Molecules.'' 2020;25(11):2582.</ref> the non-alcoholic brewing process has a detrimental impact on the content of the simple phenols and IX. in the context of non-alcoholic beer consumption, it is worth to mention the role that has been attributed to alcohol in promoting the bioavailability of phenolic compounds. This has been recently demonstrated with a reduced bioavailability of TYR following non-alcoholic beer consumption [31]. Therefore, non-alcoholic beers, which have a low concentration of phenolic compounds from the outset and an absence of alcohol, would represent a minor source of phenolic compounds. | |||
The interest in non-alcoholic beers is increasing due to consumer's concern about the negative impact of alcohol on health. As described by Güzel et al., processes commercially employed for the production of non-alcoholic beverages can be divided into two groups: biological and physical processes. The biological methods comprise alterations on the beer making process, namely on mashing, fermentation or use of special yeasts. The physical methods encompass the removal of ethanol after beer production by heat evaporation or membrane procedures (Güzel, Güzel, & Savaş Bahçeci, 2020). One of the main consequences of beer dealcoholisation is that important beer components may be removed along with ethanol, such as volatile and flavour compounds or other low-molecular-weight and non-volatile compounds. In addition, another strategy to produce alcohol-free beers is to use lower original wort extracts in order to reduce alcohol formation during fermentation. The data shown in Table 3 allows to infer that the TPC of non-alcoholic beer tends to be lower comparing to typical beers. The lower values for alcohol-free beers may be attributed to losses produced by the dealcoholisation processes employed.<ref name=cargui>Carvalho DO, Guido LF. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814621020999 A review on the fate of phenolic compounds during malting and brewing: technological strategies and beer styles.] ''Food Chem.'' 2022;372:131093.</ref> | The interest in non-alcoholic beers is increasing due to consumer's concern about the negative impact of alcohol on health. As described by Güzel et al., processes commercially employed for the production of non-alcoholic beverages can be divided into two groups: biological and physical processes. The biological methods comprise alterations on the beer making process, namely on mashing, fermentation or use of special yeasts. The physical methods encompass the removal of ethanol after beer production by heat evaporation or membrane procedures (Güzel, Güzel, & Savaş Bahçeci, 2020). One of the main consequences of beer dealcoholisation is that important beer components may be removed along with ethanol, such as volatile and flavour compounds or other low-molecular-weight and non-volatile compounds. In addition, another strategy to produce alcohol-free beers is to use lower original wort extracts in order to reduce alcohol formation during fermentation. The data shown in Table 3 allows to infer that the TPC of non-alcoholic beer tends to be lower comparing to typical beers. The lower values for alcohol-free beers may be attributed to losses produced by the dealcoholisation processes employed.<ref name=cargui>Carvalho DO, Guido LF. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814621020999 A review on the fate of phenolic compounds during malting and brewing: technological strategies and beer styles.] ''Food Chem.'' 2022;372:131093.</ref> | ||
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*Müller, M., Bellut, K., Tippmann, J., & Becker, T. (2017). Physical Methods for Dealcoholization of Beverage Matrices and their Impact on Quality Attributes. ChemBioEng Reviews, 4(5), 310-326. doi: doi:10.1002/cben.201700010 | *Müller, M., Bellut, K., Tippmann, J., & Becker, T. (2017). Physical Methods for Dealcoholization of Beverage Matrices and their Impact on Quality Attributes. ChemBioEng Reviews, 4(5), 310-326. doi: doi:10.1002/cben.201700010 | ||
* Krebs G, Müller M, Becker T, Gastl M. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0963996918306872 Characterization of the macromolecular and sensory profile of non-alcoholic beers produced with various methods.] ''Food Res Int.'' 2019;116:508–517. | * Krebs G, Müller M, Becker T, Gastl M. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0963996918306872 Characterization of the macromolecular and sensory profile of non-alcoholic beers produced with various methods.] ''Food Res Int.'' 2019;116:508–517. | ||
* [https://www.academia.edu/58415387/Non_Alcoholic_and_Craft_Beer_Production_and_Challenges?email_work_card=title Non-Alcoholic and Craft Beer Production and Challenges] | |||
*https://www.academia.edu/21010279/Alcohol_free_Beer_Methods_of_Production_Sensorial_Defects_and_Healthful_Effects | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||