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In order to [[water mineral adjustment|adjust water minerals]] and properly control [[brewing pH]], it is necessary to know the starting mineral content of the [[water]]. This information is obtained through laboratory analysis. | In order to [[water mineral adjustment|adjust water minerals]] and properly control [[brewing pH]], it is necessary to know the starting mineral content of the [[water]]. This information is obtained through laboratory analysis. The mineral levels can shift seasonally or even day-to-day, so it is recommended to monitor the overall minerality via [[TDS testing]], and it may be necessary to obtain a new analysis periodically. Analysis should ideally be carried out over at least a one-year period to determine seasonal fluctuations.<ref name=eumbam>Eumann M. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9781845690038500095 Chapter 9: Water in brewing.] In: Bamforth CW, ed. [[Library|''Brewing: New Technologies.'']] Woodhead Publishing; 2006:183–207.</ref> In some cases, it may be more cost-effective and easier to use [[RO systems|reverse osmosis (RO) purified water]] (see [[Water sources]]). | ||
It may be possible to avoid paying for water analysis if your water is fairly consistent and you can find some existing reports. Brewer's Friend has compiled a free list of analysis results: [https://www.brewersfriend.com/homebrew/water-profiles Source water profiles] (this page takes some time to load). Use the Ctrl+F search function to look for cities and streets near your location that will share the same water supply. If your water comes from a local municipal water supply, the supplier might provide a mineral analysis that includes the ions important for brewing, so also check there before sending a sample off to a lab yourself. Even if you are able to obtain a report this way, {{SITENAME}} recommends monitoring the TDS to ensure consistency because TDS testing is so easy and the meters are inexpensive. | |||
== Laboratories == | == Laboratories == | ||
'''Ward Labs''' provides a [https://www.wardlab.com/brewers | '''Ward Labs''' (USA, can ship internationally) provides a [https://www.wardlab.com/craft-brewers/ Brewer’s Test "kit"] that includes a return label and prepaid postage, sample information sheet, clean bottle for sample, and packaging material. Once the lab receives your water sample, you get a report with the values for sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, iron, sulfate, nitrate, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, total hardness, total alkalinity, and total phosphorus.<ref>[https://www.wardlab.com/brewers-water-test-kit/ Brewer’s / water test kit.] Ward Laboratories website. Accessed online May 2024.</ref> | ||
'''Murphy & Son''' (UK) provides a basic [https://www.murphyandson.co.uk/product/full-water-analysis-30-50ml/ brewing water analysis], although it doesn't test sodium. | |||
'''Envirolabs''' (Australia) provides a variety of [https://www.envirolab.com.au/Capabilities/Water-Testing tests for water samples]. Contact their team to order a customized analysis. | |||
== Reading the report == | == Reading the report == | ||
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* [[Water sources]] | * [[Water sources]] | ||
* [[Water mineral adjustment]] | * [[Water mineral adjustment]] | ||
* [[TDS testing]] | |||