Water report: Difference between revisions
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in a [[water report]], chlorine is typically labeled as "free chlorine" and total chlorine is "residual chlorine".<ref name=water/> | in a [[water report]], chlorine is typically labeled as "free chlorine" and total chlorine is "residual chlorine".<ref name=water/> | ||
== | Analysis should ideally also be carried out over at least a one-year period to determine seasonal fluctuations.<ref name=eumbam>Eumann M. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9781845690038500095 Chapter 9: Water in brewing.] In: Bamforth CW, ed. [[Library|''Brewing: New Technologies.'']] Woodhead Publishing; 2006:183–207.</ref> | ||
Important water analysis parameters:<ref name=eumbam/> | |||
Smell | |||
Taste | |||
Colour | |||
Turbidity | |||
Temperature | |||
Conductivity | |||
KMnO4 consumption | |||
Fe | |||
Mn | |||
As | |||
NH4 | |||
Residual alkalinity | |||
Na | |||
Ca | |||
Mg | |||
HCO3 | |||
Cl | |||
SO4 | |||
NO3 | |||
SiO2 | |||
NO2 | |||
THMs | |||
For a water composition to be valid, the sums of anion and cation charges should be equal (with a small margin of error). The easiest way to evaluate this is by converting the concentrations to milliequivalents per liter.<ref name=water>Palmer, J. and Kaminski, C. ''Water: A Comprehensive Guide for Brewers.'' Brewers Publications, 2013.</ref> | For a water composition to be valid, the sums of anion and cation charges should be equal (with a small margin of error). The easiest way to evaluate this is by converting the concentrations to milliequivalents per liter.<ref name=water>Palmer, J. and Kaminski, C. ''Water: A Comprehensive Guide for Brewers.'' Brewers Publications, 2013.</ref> | ||
==References== | == References == | ||