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Health and safety: Difference between revisions
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Many biological effects and health benefits have been associated with flavonoid consumption, although these effects may be related to their ability to modulate cell-signaling rather than their antioxidant activity (Williams, Spencer, & Rice-Evans, 2004).<ref name=quival>Quifer-Rada P, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Martínez-Huélamo M, Chiva-Blanch G, Jáuregui O, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós R. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814614012205 A comprehensive characterisation of beer polyphenols by high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS).] ''Food chem.'' 2015;169:336–343.</ref> | Many biological effects and health benefits have been associated with flavonoid consumption, although these effects may be related to their ability to modulate cell-signaling rather than their antioxidant activity (Williams, Spencer, & Rice-Evans, 2004).<ref name=quival>Quifer-Rada P, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Martínez-Huélamo M, Chiva-Blanch G, Jáuregui O, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós R. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814614012205 A comprehensive characterisation of beer polyphenols by high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS).] ''Food chem.'' 2015;169:336–343.</ref> | ||
Xanthohumol is a “broad-spectrum” cancer chemopreventive agent acting on all three stages of carcinogenesis. Xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol are both active ROS scavengers, while only the former is active in superoxide scavenging assays. Isoxanthohumol, 8-prenylnaringenin, and xanthogalenol may also exert chemopreventive effects [18, 61–64].<ref name=coljer>Collin S, Jerković V, Bröhan M, Callemien D. [https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_78 Polyphenols and beer quality.] In: Ramawat KG, Mérillon J-M, eds. ''Natural Products.'' 1<sup>st</sup> ed. Springer; 2013:2334–2353.</ref> | |||
Prenylflavanones have mainly been studied for their estrogenic activity. Hopein is a very potent phytoestrogen. The authors recommend its application in prevention or treatment of (post)menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis [61, 63, 65]. Weak estrogenic activity has been observed for close analogs like 6-prenylnaringenin, 8-geranylnaringenin, 6,8-diprenylnaringenin, and isoxanthohumol. Prenylchalcones like xanthohumol and xanthogalenol also show low activity [66].<ref name=coljer/> | |||
*[https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2017/4749131/ Beer Polyphenols and Menopause: Effects and Mechanisms—A Review of Current Knowledge] | *[https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2017/4749131/ Beer Polyphenols and Menopause: Effects and Mechanisms—A Review of Current Knowledge] | ||