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Health and safety: Difference between revisions

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For individuals regularly consuming wine, coffee, beer, and tea, these beverages will likely be the major sources of phenolics. Beer is a very popular beverage consumed in large amount all over the world and is a source of natural antioxidants, particularly phenolic acids, originating from barley and hop (9-12). The antioxidant activity of beer coupled with low ethanol content is a relevant factor in determining the nutritive characteristics of beer. Recently, phenolic acids from beer have been described as being quickly absorbed and extensively metabolized in humans (13, 14). Beer drinking has been reported to increase plasma antioxidant and anticoagulant activities and to positively affect plasma lipid levels in humans (13-18). In animal models beer drinking also decreases susceptibility to oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (19, 20). Moreover, beer consumption seems to have no effect or even an inverse effect on total homocysteine concentration (21-23).<ref name=piafor/>
For individuals regularly consuming wine, coffee, beer, and tea, these beverages will likely be the major sources of phenolics. Beer is a very popular beverage consumed in large amount all over the world and is a source of natural antioxidants, particularly phenolic acids, originating from barley and hop (9-12). The antioxidant activity of beer coupled with low ethanol content is a relevant factor in determining the nutritive characteristics of beer. Recently, phenolic acids from beer have been described as being quickly absorbed and extensively metabolized in humans (13, 14). Beer drinking has been reported to increase plasma antioxidant and anticoagulant activities and to positively affect plasma lipid levels in humans (13-18). In animal models beer drinking also decreases susceptibility to oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (19, 20). Moreover, beer consumption seems to have no effect or even an inverse effect on total homocysteine concentration (21-23).<ref name=piafor/>
Mild to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with beneficial healthy effects on the cardiovascular system (57, 58). Population-based studies have observed that moderate drinking in the range of one to three drinks daily is associated with a rate of coronary disease 30-40% lower compared with that in the nondrinking population. The association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease is not linear but "U-shaped", with higher death rates found among those who abstain as well as those who drink an excess of six drinks a day (57).<ref name=piafor/>